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Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) or commonly known as shin splints, is an inflammatory reaction caused by the excessive pulling of the anterior shin muscles and tendons as they attach to the underlying shin bone.
Sinding-Larson and Osgood-Schlatter are two conditions which affect the bony growth plates found in the knee. Both conditions occur in children to adolescent age groups because their growth plates haven’t completely fused to the bulk of the bone.
A calf tear/strain typically occurs when the muscle is explosively and forcibly contracted whilst in a stretched position. Athletes that play sports such as tennis and squash have the highest risk of sustaining this injury, when their heel drops suddenly and results in overstretching of the calf.
Repetitive overuse of the patellar tendon causes tearing and inflammation within the tendon, resulting in Patellar Tendinitis, also known as Jumpers Knee. Direct trauma to the front of the knee or an injury to the patellar tendon may develop into Bursitis.
ITB Syndrome is an overuse injury which is the result of friction/rubbing of the iliotibial band (ITB) up against the underlying lateral epicondyle of the femur. Runners are at highest risk of developing this injury due to the repetitive action of jogging.
A ligament is the tissue that connects bones to other bones and provides support to joints. These ligaments when under extreme load can strain/tear and cause weakness in the knee. Most knee injuries occur from rapid explosive load on the ligament by sudden bending, changing directions or from trauma.
Most injuries to the meniscus are a result of combined compression and rotation at the knee. The increased torsion within the knee during these movements will often cause tearing of the meniscus. Meniscal tears are commonly due to twisting of the knee.
Patellofemoral injuries are any condition that produces pain between the kneecap and the underlying thigh bone. These conditions are commonly due to overuse of the knee from repetitive tracking of the patellar when the knee is straightened or bent.