What it is
Total elbow arthroplasty replaces the damaged joint surfaces with implants that allow the elbow to hinge. It is used for severe arthritis, complex fractures in low-demand patients, or after failed previous surgery. The goal is to achieve pain relief and maintain a functional range of motion for daily tasks.
Rehabilitation restores safe motion, strength, and confidence. Lifelong load limits protect the implant.
What happens when it occurs
The humeral and ulnar components are fixed to bone. Hospital protocols begin with early mobility and safe transfers. The plan progresses from protected motion to functional strength. Lifelong limits on heavy lifting are standard to protect the prosthesis.
Common causes and risk factors
- End-stage osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis
- Complex fractures are not suited to fixation
- Failed previous surgery
Who is most affected
Older adults with persistent pain and disability despite non-surgical care.
Typical symptoms before surgery
- Deep elbow pain with stiffness
- Sleep disturbance and difficulty with self-care
- Loss of reach and lifting capacity
When to seek care
When pain and function remain limited despite a clear conservative programme, and other procedures are not suitable.
How we diagnose
History, examination, and X-rays. CT and MRI are used for planning in selected cases.
Management
- Early safe mobility and transfer training
- Range and functional reach exercises
- Strength for triceps, biceps, and shoulders within load limits
- Education for joint protection and home setup
- Follow-up reviews to monitor the implant and progress
Rehabilitation milestones
Phase 1 days 0 to 7: pain control, assisted range, independent transfers.
Phase 2 weeks 1 to 6: active range within limits, light strength, self, and stairs.
Phase 3 weeks 6 to 12: progressive strength, community mobility, carry tasks within limits.
Phase 4 months 3 to 6: chosen activities with adherence to lifting limits.
Readiness to progress
- Pain and swelling are controlled
- Stable gait and safe task practice
- Strength and range targets met for daily tasks
Long-term care
- Respect the lifting limits set by your surgeon
- Maintain strength and a healthy weight
- Attend regular reviews as advised
Australia snapshot
- A lower volume joint replacement compared with hip or knee
- Often used for inflammatory arthritis or complex fractures in lower-demand adults
- Rehabilitation services support discharge home
Latest insights
Education and consistent daily practice shape the recovery curve.
Strength and confidence predict independence more than the choice of implant.
